DR. K’s PERFECT GREENS INGREDIENTS

Dr. K’s Perfect Greens for Health

Perfect Cellular Nutrient Blend [2949 mg]:

Natural Rose Hips (vitamin C), Red Raspberry powder, Aloe Vera (freeze dried), Acerola Berry Juice Powder, Ginger powder (freeze dried), Blueberry Powder, Spearmint, Pineapple juice powder, Orange Juice powder, Bioflavonoids (citrus), Turmeric powder, Green Tea, Grape Seed Extract, Dandelion, Vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol succinate)

Perfect Whole Food Blend [2880 mg]:

Certified Organic Barley Grass Juice Powder, Spirulina Powder, Parsley Juice Powder, Watercress Juice Powder, Carrot Juice Powder, Chlorella (cracked cell), Organic Beet Juice Powder

Perfect Maximum Cellular Energy Support [1730 mg]:

Soy lecithin powder (99% oil free), Bamboo, %, Equisetum Arvense (horsetail), Cinnamon Powder, Suma (Brazilian Ginseng, Eleuthero Root (Siberian Ginseng), Stevia, Nova Scotia Dulse, Gingko Biloba

Perfect Digestive Fiber Blend [760 mg]:

Apple Fiber, Apple Pectin, Oat Bran Powder, Certified Organic Flax Seed Meal

Perfect Probiotic Support [700 mg]:

Probiotic culture (non-dairy) 8.5 Billion: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains A and B, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum

Perfect Immune Enhancement Blend [390 mg]:

Silymarin silibum marianum (5%), Astragalus membranaceous, Damiana, Royal Jelly 5%; plant-derived digestive enzymes: Lipase, Protease, Amylase cellulase 

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Detailed Ingredient List

Natural nutrition from vitamin C and bioflavonoids in conjunction with other phytochemicals naturally present are combined in nature, and for efficacy, it is vital that they be eaten together. The combination is also thought to enhance the body’s ability to absorb vitamin C in those who have difficulty absorbing it. Rose hips also contain carotenoids, a source of provitamin A, and polyphenolics, which are potent antioxidants. Current research indicates that large doses of vitamin C in Rose hips could be helpful in enhancing our immune systems, which may be valuable in warding off infectious invaders and serious disease.

Daels-Rakotoarison DA, et al. Effects of Rosa canina fruit extract on neutrophil respiratory burst. Phytother Res. 2002; 16(2):157-161 [view abstract]

Chrubasik C, et al. The evidence for clinical efficacy of rose hip and seed: a systematic review. Phytother Res. 2006; 20(1):1-3. [view abstract]

Hornero-Mendez D, et al. Carotenoid pigments in Rosa mosqueta hips, an alternative carotenoid source for foods. J Agric Food Chem. 2000; 48(3):825-8. [view abstract]

RED RASPBERRY POWDER:

Because they contain reservatrol, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and ellagic acid, raspberries are a potent antioxidant food which helps prevent unwanted damage to cell membranes and other structures in the body by neutralizing free radicals. Ellagic acid is not the only well-researched phytonutrient component of raspberry, however. Raspberry’s flavonoid content is also well documented. The key flavonoids substances are quercetin, kaempferol, and the cyanidin-based molecules called cyanidin-3-glucosylrutinoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside. These flavonoid molecules are also classified as anthocyanins, and they belong to the group of substances that give raspberries their rich red color. Raspberries’ anthocyanins also give these delectable berries unique antioxidant properties, as well as some antimicrobial ones, including the ability to prevent overgrowth of certain bacteria and fungi in the body (for example, the yeast candida albicans, which is a frequent culprit in vaginal infections and can be a contributing cause in irritable bowel syndrome).

Berry-derived anthocyanins improve cholesterol levels. A recent study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition showed a 13.7 increase in HDL cholesterol levels (the “good” cholesterol) and a 13.6% reduction in LDL cholesterol levels (the “bad” cholesterol). Qin Y, et al.  Anthocyanin supplementation improves serum LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations associated with the inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in dyslipidemic subjects. Amer J Clin Nutr  2009;  90(3). [view article]

Additionally, raspberries, along with strawberries and blueberries, may have cancer protective properties. Research suggests that raspberries have the potential to inhibit cancer cell proliferation in various cell lines, including the cervical and breast cells. Wedge DE, et al. Anticarcino-genic Activity of Strawberry, Blueberry, and Raspberry Extracts to Breast and Cervical Cancer Cells. J Med Food. 2001;  4(1):49-51. [view abstract] 

The phenolics in raspberries provide for an antimicrobial effect by inhibiting both gram-positive and gram-negative intestinal bacteria. Puupponen-Pimia R, et al. Berry phenolics selectively inhibit the growth of intestinal pathogens. J Appl Microbiol. 2005; 98(4):991-1000. [view abstract]

ALOE VERA:

Aloe vera has been shown to improve blood glucose levels in people with diabetes. In human clinical trials, it has proven effective for treating psoriasis, canker sores and first to second degree burns. It also has powerful antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-viral properties. Aloe vera has been found to extend and aid the absorption of vitamins C and E, thereby adding more antioxidant protection, and contains zinc and seven superoxide dismutases. It’s been reported to reduce severe joint and muscle pain associated with arthritis, as well as pain related to tendinitis and injuries. Test groups given Aloe vera showed a decrease in total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and nonesterified fatty acid levels, each of which, when elevated, seem to accelerate the accumulation of fatty material in large and medium sized arteries, including the coronary arteries of the heart.

ACEROLA BERRY JUICE POWDER:

Noted for its high content of vitamin C, acerola contains thirty two times the amount of vitamin C than orange juice (3000% increase). Acerola was shown found to have the highest scoring antioxidant potency when compared to the antioxidant potency of ten frozen fruit pulps, scoring a TEAC of 53.2 mmol/g (Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity, a benchmark of antioxidant capacity).

GINGER POWDER:

The use of ginger as a ‘medicinal’ dates back to early medical texts in India, China, Greece, Rome and Arabia. Traditionally, ginger is used for treating flatulent colic, dyspepsia (indigestion) and preventing motion sickness. It is a vasodilator helping with circulation and contains natural anti-histamines. This nutritional food supplement  is described in Ayurvedic and Tibb systems of medicine to be useful in inflammation and rheumatism. Studies of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and muscular discomfort showed the patients experienced pain relief and reduction in swelling; the patients with muscular discomfort experienced relief in pain; and none of the patients reported adverse effects during the period of ginger consumption (3 months to 2.5 years).  It is suggested that at least one of the mechanisms by which ginger shows these effects is related to inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene biosynthesis, i.e. it works as a dual inhibitor of eicosanoid biosynthesis.

Ginger has been used to cleanse the body of toxins through the skin by stimulating and increasing perspiration and has also been useful in breaking fevers.  It is slightly diuretic and further cleanses the body by strengthening kidney function and increasing kidney filtration.

As a nutritional health supplement, ginger has also been shown good for the heart and cardiovascular system. In high dosages it has been recognized as a natural blood thinner and may help to prevent strokes, heart attacks and hardening of the arteries. The chemical gingerol appears to inhibit an enzyme that causes cells to clot and thereby reduces platelet aggregation and blood “clumping.” It also has been known to help retard the production of cholesterol by the liver and reverse increases of triglycerides and LDL cholesterol.

Important new research from the University of Michigan has indicated that Ginger causes ovarian cancer cell death.  Furthermore, it did so in a way that may prevent tumor cells from becoming resistant to treatment, a common problem with chemotherapy. In the laboratory tests, Ginger caused two kinds of cancer cell death. The first is called apoptosis, in which the cells essentially commit suicide, and the second is autophagy, in which cells digest or attack themselves.  According to Dr. J. Rebecca Liu, Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, most ovarian cancer patients develop recurrent disease that eventually becomes resistant to standard chemotherapy, and if Ginger can cause autophagic cell death in addition to apoptosis, it may circumvent resistance to conventional chemotherapy.  It’s already thought that Ginger helps control inflammation, which contributes to the development of ovarian cancer cells, and by halting inflammation, ginger may stop cancer cells from growing, the researchers suggested. American Association for Cancer Research 97th annual meeting, April 2006, Washington, D.C.(University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center Research Report) [view article]

BLUEBERRY POWDER:

Very low in calories, yet filled with nutrients and flavor, blueberries are a top antioxidant food, coming out on top in an analysis of 60 fruits and vegetables for their antioxidant capability by researchers at Tufts University – they were rated highest in their capacity to destroy free radicals. Containing high amounts of anthocyandins, which are antioxidant phytonutrients , blueberries neutralize free radical damage to the collagen matrix of cells and tissues that can lead to cataracts, glaucoma, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, peptic ulcers, heart disease and cancer. Anthocyanins, the blue-red pigments found in blueberries, improve the integrity of support structures in the veins and entire vascular system. Anthocyanins have been shown to enhance the effects of vitamin C, improve capillary integrity, and stabilize the collagen matrix (the ground substance of all body tissues) by preventing free-radical damage, inhibiting enzymes from cleaving the collagen matrix, and directly cross-linking with collagen fibers to form a more stable collagen matrix.

Berry-derived anthocyanins improve cholesterol levels. A recent study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition showed a 13.7 increase in HDL cholesterol levels (the “good” cholesterol) and a 13.6% reduction in LDL cholesterol levels (the “bad” cholesterol). Qin Y, et al.  Anthocyanin supplementation improves serum LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations associated with the inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in dyslipidemic subjects. Amer J Clin Nutr  2009;  90(3). [view article]

Studies have shown that blueberries protect the brain from oxidative stress and may reduce the effects of age-related conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease or dementia. In studies of aging rats, blueberries were significantly improved both the learning capacity and motor skills, making them mentally equivalent to much younger rats.

Additionally, research is suggesting that raspberries, along with strawberries and blueberries may have cancer protective properties, suggesting that raspberries have the potential to inhibit cancer cell proliferation in various cell lines, including the cervical, breast and colon cancer cell. Wedge DE, et al. Anticarcinogenic Activity of Strawberry, Blueberry, and Raspberry Extracts to Breast and Cervical Cancer Cells. J Med Food. 2001;  4(1):49-51. [view abstract] 

PINEAPPLE JUICE POWDER:

Pineapple juice contains high amounts of manganese, vitamin C and a moderate amount of vitamin B1 (thiamine) and vitamin B6.

Pineapple main health-promoting ingredient is bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme, which reduces inflammation by blocking proinflammatory metabolites that accelerate and aggravate the inflammatory process. Bromelain’s anti-inflammatory properties come by its ability to decrease neutrophils migration to the area of acute inflammation and is therefore useful for arthritis, swelling, traumatic injury, digestive problems, phlebitis, sinusitis and post-surgical healing. Other studies have shown promise for bromelain’s use in the treatment of venous insufficiency, autoimmune diseases, hemorrhoids, ulcerative colitis, bruising, gout and in the reduction of platelet clumping and blood clots within arteries. Tochi BN, et al.Therapeutic Application of Pineapple Protease (Bromelain): A Review. Pak J  Nutr. 2008; 7(4):513-520. [view article]

In this study, bromelain was found to have antithrombotic and anticoagulant activities when tested in vitro with isolated human platelets. Metzig C, et al. Bromelain proteases reduce human platelet aggregation in vitro, adhesion to bovine endothelial cells and thrombus formation in rat vessels in vivo. In Vivo 1999; (1):7-12. [view abstract]

Another study found that bromelain increases the activity of specialized immune cells called monocytes against tumor cells. Maurer HR, Bromeleain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. Cellular and Molecular Life Scieces. 2001; 58(9):1234-1245 [view abstract]

Animal experiments have also shown an antimetastatiic effect as well as inhibition of growth and invasiveness of tumor cells. Baez R, et al. In vivo antitumoral activity of stem pineapple (Ananas comosus) bromelain. Planta Medica  2007; 73(13):1377-1383.

In summary, bromelain’s properties include: (1) interference with growth of malignant cells; (2) inhibition of platelet aggregation; (3) fibrinolytic activity; (4) anti-inflammatory action; (5) skin debridement properties. These biological functions of bromelain, a non-toxic compound, have therapeutic values in modulating: (a) tumor growth; (b) blood coagulation; (c) inflammatory changes; (d) debridement of third degree burns; (e) enhancement of absorption of drugs. The mechanism of action of bromelain affecting these varied biological effects relates in part to its modulation of the arachidonate cascade. Taussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacology 1988; 22(2):191-203 [view abstract]

ORANGE JUICE POWDER:

Orange juice, like other citrus juices, is a good source of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), potassium, folic acid (vitamin B9), and bioflavonoids. Bioflavonoids are secondary plant metabolites known for their antioxidant activity and which induce mechanisms that inhibit tumor invasion and promote the killing of cancer cells. Citrus bioflavonoids have been shown to have beneficial effects on capillary permeability and blood flow, as well as having anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy benefits.

BIOFLAVONOIDS (citrus):

See discussion of citrus bioflavonoids directly above.

TURMERIC POWDER:

Noted for its ability to treat inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, turmeric is a food-type herb used for in preventing many diseases.

Curcumin is the main active ingredient in turmeric which has been found to be bile-stimulating (choleretic) and is therefore approved in Germany for treating dyspepsia. Turmeric has a long history of medicinal use in both Oriental herbal medicine and Ayurveda, the traditional system of medicine from India.

Turmeric’s medicinal properties includes being protective to the liver against toxic substances, such heavy metals (i.e. lead); to prevent gallstone formation or decrease the size of stones already formed; increased bile flow.

One substance found in turmeric, lipopolysaccharide, has been shown to stimulate immune function. In addition, research has shown turmeric to have antifungal and antibacterial properties through its ability to destroy gram-positive salmonella. 

Studies have shown the anti-inflammatory properties of turmeric to be beneficial of both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Because alcohol extracts of turmeric have been shown to reduce blood glucose levels, the herb shows promise for the treatment of diabetes. Reduced cholesterol levels within the blood have been demonstrated in clinical studies in. The use of turmeric as a spice has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

GREEN TEA:

Studies have shown that green tea decreases the risk of cancer and heart disease. Green tea has been shown to increase the oxidation of fat which provides for increased energy expenditure, improved insulin sensitivity and blood sugar regulation.

Polyphenols and catechins are the active ingredients in green tea that have been shown to have beneficial therapeutic properties. One such polyphenol, epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) is a type of catechin; its molecular structure includes catechin and gallic acid.

As a strong potent antioxidant, EGCG prevents the ultraviolet radiation of sunlight from damaging the skin. EGCG’s antioxidant properties helps modulate normal blood clotting which is helpful for cardiovascular health and stroke prevention.

Preliminary studies show promise with EGCG in it’s neuroprotective effects on the brain cells of those with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.

GRAPE SEED EXTRACT:

Grape seed extract is one of the most powerful antioxidant that researchers have found to date.  A very recent study found it to be deadly to malignant leukemia cells.

In the January 1, 2009, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research,  researchers reported that grape seed extract impacted to trigger the death, or apoptosis, of leukemia cells. Ning G, et al. Induction of Apoptosis in Human Leukemia Cells by Grape Seed Extract Occurs via Activation of c-Jun NH₂-Terminal Kinase Clinical Cancer Research 2009; 15:140-149. [view abstract]

The benefits of grape seed extract lies in it being a source of the powerful therapeutic agent Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPC).  Grape seed extract contains a specific OPC named Procyanidin B2-3′-O-gallate that has been shown one of the most powerful individual OPC’s yet discovered.

OPC’s are a group of colorless flavanols composed of bonds (oligomers – i.e. dimers and trimers) of linked Flavan-3-ols (catechins – catechin and/or epicatechin).

They inhibit the destruction of hyaluronic acid, a gel-like aminoglycan that is found in the tissue space, the synovial fluid of joints, and the vitreous humor of the eyes and acts as a binding, lubricating, and protective agent. They also help stimulate the production of optimal amounts of nitric oxide in the endothelium of blood vessels and help to prevent damage to the DNA content of cells.

OPCs can be converted by enzymes to anthocyanins (i.e. OPCs are a precursor for anthocyanins). They enhance the renewal and production of collagen and help to prevent the destruction of elastin. They also enhance the function of and are synergistic with vitamin C and help to prevent the degradation of vitamin E and help to recycle Vitamin E.

DANDELION:

As an antioxidant, dandelion contains the flavonoid luteolin, an important immune system modulator, a mediator in the prevention of inflammation, and a promoter of carbohydrate metabolism. Dandelion leaves are believed to produce a diuretic effect as they increase salt and water excretion from the kidneys.

Caffeic acid, one of the secondary plant metabolites found in dandelion, has been shown to inhibit carcinogenesis (cancer formation) and to demonstrate tumor-shrinking properties. The anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties also protect skin cells exposed to UV radiation. 

Huang MT, et al. Inhibitory effect of curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid on tumor promotion in mouse skin by 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Cancer Research 1988; 48(21):5941-5946. [view article]

Lee WJ, Zhu BT Inhibition of DNA methylation by caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, two common catechol-containing coffee polyphenols. Carcinogenesis 2006; 27(2):269-277. [view article]

 VITAMIN E:

The d-alpha-tocopherol acid succinate form of vitamin E has improved water-solubility. It is an esterified form of Vitamin E. Many researchers regard d-Alpha-Tocopherol Succinate  as the preferable form of oral d-alpha-tocopherol supplementation as it is more stable than “free” d-alpha-tocopherol.  Vitamin E has long been known for its antioxidant properties suppressing the generation of free radicals in the skin and the subsequent acceleration of the aging process (photoaging) caused by excessive exposure to sunlight.

Because vitamin E protects the fatty acids contained cell membranes (within the phospholipids), it protects cell membranes from free radical reactions and peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and is therefore important for the stability of cell membranes.

Vitamin E also improves the strength of connective tissue and it enhances the function of cysteine, a non-essential amino acid with antioxidant properties and the ability to bind heavy metals. Vitamin E also improves the absorption of zinc and the function of beta carotene.

CERTIFIED ORGANIC BARLEY GRASS JUICE POWDER:

Barley grass could be described as the perfect food - it’s naturally rich in calcium, iron and many other minerals, all the essential amino acids, chlorophyll, flavonoids, vitamin B12, Vitamin C, plus enzymes. Green barley juice contains 11 times the calcium in cows’ milk, nearly 5 times the iron in spinach, 7 times the vitamin C in oranges, and 80 mg of vitamin B12 per hundred grams. Barley greens are also rich in beta-carotene, vitamins B1, B2, B6, folic acid, and pantothenic acid. Therefore, barley grass juice is useful simply to compensate for low levels of vitamins (avitaminosis).

Barley grass is also extremely rich in antioxidants, including tocotrienols and one powerful antioxidant called tricin. Barley grass has antiviral activity and is also an effective anti-inflammatory. Barley grass contains a compound called P4D1 which researcher Yasuo Hotta (University of California, San Diego) found not only to have anti-inflammatory action but also was shown to repair the DNA in the cells of the body which aids in the prevention of abnormal growths, aging, and cell death. P4D1 was also reported to suppress or cure pancreatitis, gastritis, inflammation of the oral cavity, and dermatitis, and also lacerations of the stomach and duodenum. He found that barley juice was more effective than steroid drugs without any side effects. Barley grass stimulates the production of Interleukin 2 (Interleukin 2 indirectly enables the body’s T-lymphocytes to kill cancer cells through Interleukin-2 stimulating the production of endogenous melatonin).

SPIRULINA POWDER:

The group of cyanobacteris that fall within the Spirulina spp, including Spirulina pratensisare known as nutrient-dense nutritional food supplement and source of beneficial phytochemicals. Containing an unusually high amount of protein, Spirulina is also a complete protein containing all essential amino acids and is superior to plant proteins such as that from legumes.

Spirulina contains significant amounts of potassium and lesser amounts of calcium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, selenium, sodium and zinc.

Spirulina also has probiotic compounds that enhance health through preserving resident intestinal microflora, especially lactic acid bacilli and bifidobacteria, and decreasing the level of Candida albicans. By stimulating the production of antibodies, cytokines, macrophages, T and B cells, Spirulina has earned the reputation of producing an immune-stimulating effect by enhancing the resistance of humans, mammals, chickens and fish to infections. Spirulina has properties that protect the live due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, membrane-stabilizing, and immune-stablizing actions.

The sulfolipids found in Spirulina have proven to be antiviral against HIV and the whole Spirulina biomass against herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, and influenza virus.

Although one 2007 study is considered preliminary, Spirulina’s ability to improve the blood lipid profiles by exhibiting significant changes in cholesterol and blood pressure is encouraging. Clinically, Spirulina has been found to be effective against allergic rhinitis (runny nose due to allergies).

PARSLEY JUICE POWDER:

Besides being a ubiquitous garnish on restaurant plates that largely goes uneaten, parsley is a virtual storehouse of nutrients containing significant levels of fiber, provitamin A carotenoids, vitamin C, folate (folic acid) and other flavonoid antioxidants. One particular flavonoid, luteolin, has important antioxidant properties whereby it combines well with oxygen radicals to prevent oxidative damage to our cells.

Parsley has long been used for respiratory ailments such as bronchitis and as an expectorant. Additionally, parsley’s dark green leaves and stocks are a good source of calcium and boron and therefore helpful in the prevention of osteoporosis. Parsley has been found effective in the prevention of inflammatory (rheumatoid) arthritis and more recently for the prevention of vascular disease. In particular, parsley helps the body convert homocysteine molecules into benign substances; homocysteine, when elevated within the bloodstream, damages blood vessels increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (heart attacks and strokes).

Parsley is also a good source of chlorophyll, the chemical compound which plants use to capture the sun’s energy (analogous to hemoglobin’s role in capturing and transporting oxygen within the blood) and is known for its iron, magnesium and nitrogen content and its ability to bind toxic and cancer-causing chemicals such as aflatoxin-B1, a liver carcinogen produced by fungus found in moldy corn, peanuts, grains and legume.

Sasaki N, Toda T, Kaneko T et al. Protective effects of flavonoids on the cytotoxicity of linoleic acid hydroperoxide toward rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2003 Mar 6;145(1):101-16 2003. [view abstract]

Hirano R, Sasamoto W, Matsumoto A et al. Antioxidant ability of various flavonoids against DPPH radicals and LDL oxidation. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2001 ; 47(5):357-62.

Bradley PR (ed). 1992. Parsley herb. In British Herbal Compendium. Volume 1. A Handbook of Scientific Information on Widely Used Plant Drugs. British Herbal Medicine Association, Bournemouth, Dorset, pp. 168-169.

Duke, J. 1997: The Green Pharmacy, The Ultimate Compendium of Natural Remedies from the World’s Foremost Authority on Healing and Herbs. pp. 53; 56; 101; 115; 255; 352. Rodale Press.

De Smet, P., Keller, K., Hansel, R. and R. Chandler (eds.) 1993. Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs. Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg. Pp. 61.

Newall CA, Anderson LA, and Phillipson JD. 1996. Herbal Medicines. A Guide for Health Care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London, pp. 203-204.

Wichtl M (ed). 1994. Petroselini radix – Parsley Root (English translation by Norman Grainger Bisset). In Herbal Drugs and Phyto-pharmaceuticals. CRC Press, Stuttgart, pp. 71-372.

WATERCRESS JUICE POWDER:

Watercress contains vitamins A and C, and has high levels of iron, calcium, and folic acid. As a therapeutic herb, it has been used to treat various respiratory ailments including coughs, colds, bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema. Other traditional therapeutic uses include diabetes, anemia, constipation, cholesterol and blood pressure normalization.

Other than horseradish, watercress contains the most sulphur than any other vegetable which is believed to aid in protein digestion, blood purification and cellular health. Because it contains potassium, known for its diuretic properties, parsley also aids in weight loss.

One published study found that watercress was protective as a chemopreventative agent against lung cancer.

Hecht SS, et al. Effects of watercress consumption on metabolism of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in smokers. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 1995; 4(8):877-884. [view abstract]

CARROT JUICE POWDER:

Carrots provide a significant source of carotenes and other carotenoids which are excellent sources of provitamin A. Many studies have demonstrated the health benefits of carrot including reducing strokes, lowered cholesterol, reduced risk of vascular disease, cataracts, and macular degeneration.

Significant is the finding that carrot juice has been shown to significantly reduce oxidative DNA damage. Pool-Zobel BL, et al. Consumption of vegetables reduces genetic damage in humans: the first results of a human intervention trial with carotenoid-rich foods. Carcinogenesis 1997; 18(9):1847-1850. [view abstract]

Another study found that the consumption of carrots enhanced T-lymphocyte function and decreased LDL oxidation. Watzl B, et al. Modulation of human T-lymphocyte functions by the consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables. Br J Nutr 1999 Nov; 82(5): 383-9. [view abstract]

CHLORELLA:

Similar to Spirulina, chlorella is a nutrient-dense fresh water algae. It is rich in phytontutrients, proteins (60%), vitamins and minerals.

Research has shown Chlorella to have immunostimulant, detoxification and wound healing properties. One study, which was carried out under the ‘gold standard’ of clinical research – double-blind, placebo-controlled, and randomized – found chlorella to significantly lower cholesterol, reduce high blood pressure, improve symptoms, improve immune function, and accelerate wound healing in a  group of patients with fibromyalgia, hypertension and ulcerative colitis. Merchant RE, Andre CA. A review of recent clinical trials of the nutritional supplement Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the treatment of fibromyalgia, hypertension, and ulcerative colitis. Altern Ther Health Med. 2001; 7(3):79-91. [view abstract]

Hasegawa T, et al. Hot water extracts of Chlorella vulgaris reduce opportunistic infection with Listeria monocytogenes in C57BL/6 mice infected with LP-BM5 murine leukemia viruses. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1995;17(6):505-12. [view abstract]

Merchant RE, Carmack CA, Wise CM. 2000. Nutritional supplementation with Chlorella pyrenoidosa for patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a pilot study. Phytother Res. 2000; 14(3):167-73. [view abstract]

Tanaka K, et al. Oral administration of a unicellular green algae, Chlorella vulgaris, prevents stress-induced ulcer. Planta Med. 1997; 63(5):465-6. [view abstract]

ORGANIC BEET JUICE POWDER:

Beets (Beta vulgaris) have blood fat inhibiting and liver cell regenerative properties. Beets have high iron, potassium and magnesium content, soluble and insoluble fiber, sugar stabilizing effects, and essential for liver function and regeneration. Betalains are the characteristic pigments of beetroot. Research has identified the betalains as  excellent dietary antioxidants. Folate (folic acid) occurs in higher levels in beetroot than in most other vegetables. It has a different chemical structure and is more widely distributed than the betalain pigments. Betaine, one of the betalain pigments, for example, is also found in broccoli, spinach, legumes, eggs, fish and liver. However, Beta vulgaris provides a particularly rich source of betaine in the diet and therefore considered a great nutritional food supplement.

SOY LECITHIN POWDER:

Soy lecithin has many known physiologic health benefits, including increased bile secretion, increased blood and brain choline and brain acetylcholine levels.

Phosphatidylcholine, the technical term by which lecithin is often referred to, is essential for the formation, structural and functional integrity of cells and functions in maintaining elasticity of blood vessels.

Cell membranes throughout the body consist of 65% phosphatidylcholine, which plays a critical role in the function of cell membranes.

As a dietary nutrient, it’s been shown to prevent and treat age-associated memory impairment (AAMI). It facilitates the production of acetylcholine in the brain and adrenal glands (due to the phosphatidylcholine component of lecithin supplying choline that is essential to the production of acetylcholine).

Acetylcholine ensures that mucous membranes remain lubricated and moist and is required for optimal muscle tone. Phosphatidylcholine can improve the visual appearance of dull skin because it facilitates the transfer of endogenous chemicals into skin cells.

Phosphatidylcholine is the constituent of bile that facilitates the emulsification of dietary and has been found to enhance the absorption of Vitamin A.

When choline levels are increased through lecithin supplementation, increased biliary lipid secretion causes an increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Thus lecithin increases the HDL levels which protect against LDL oxidation, is a known causal pathway to atherosclerososis. LeBlanc MJ, et al. The role of dietary choline in the beneficial effects of lecithin on the secretion of biliary lipids in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1393(2-3):223-34. [view abstract]

Hansel B, et al. Alterations in lipoprotein defense against oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2006; 8(6):501-9. [view abstract]

When blood and brain choline, and brain acetylcholine levels are increased through dietary sources of lecithin, improve memory and cognitive function results, suggesting a protective mechanism against dementia. Chung SY, et al. Administration of phosphatidylcholine increases brain acetylcholine concentration and improves memory in mice with dementia. J Nutr 1995; 125(6):1484-9. [view abstract]

Additionally, soybean lecithin was found to be significantly protective against cholestatic liver disease. Lamireau T, et al. Dietary lecithin protects against cholestatic liver disease in cholic acid-fed Abcb4- deficient mice. Pediatr Res. 2007; 61(2):185-90. [view abstract]

BAMBOO:

Silica is the most abundant mineral in the earth’s crust. After oxygen, silica is the second most abundant element on earth. One of the best sources of natural silica, bamboo extract contains over 70% organic silica. Silica is required for the enzyme prolyhydroxylase to function properly. Prolyhydroxylase functions in the formation of collagen, cartilage, connective tissue, blood vessels. The human body contains on average 20 grams of silica and our ability to absorb and metabolize silica decreases with age; therefore dietary supplementation with silica is valuable to promote health.

Additionally, silica enhances calcium absorption and is pivotal for the synthesis of bone and cartilage collagen; working in concert with calcium silica functions in bone development, cardiovascular regulation, cell membrane permeability and immune function. Because silica provides the medium for connective tissue cross-linking, it improves the elasticity of collagen, the condition of hair, nails, skin, and has been used to alleviate eczema and psoriasis.

EQUISETUM ARVENSE (horsetail):

Horsetail, is rich in nutrients and like bamboo, contains significant amounts of silica. Its high silica content helps to soothe and strengthen connective tissue.  As mentioned directly above, silicon is a vital component for bone and cartilage formation, and it helps the body to absorb and utilize calcium, which is of great value in treating fractures and bone diseases, including rickets and osteoporosis.

Historically, horsetail has been used to strengthen bones, teeth, nails and hair. The improved cartilage helps to lessen inflammation and combat joint pain, arthritis, gout, muscle cramps, hemorrhoids, spasms and rheumatism. 

Horsetail has been used as a mild diuretic and to relieve kidney and gallbladder disorders.  This is also said to be helpful for edema in some cases of arthritis and swelling of the legs, as well as tuberculostatic conditions. Horsetail is an herb used to treat a urine infection and an enlarged prostate gland in men. The herb is also used to reduce urinary tract irritation and help relieve prostatitis, cystitis and urethritis. Horsetail is often found in nutritional supplements for women.

CINNAMON POWDER:

Used as a medicine for thousands of years, Cinnamomum spp. is an aromatic spice isolated from the inner bark of cinnamon trees.

Research has repeatedly confirmed that cinnamon improves glucose and insulin metabolism. Most commonly researched and reported is cinnamon’s ability to improve blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Khan A, et al. Cinnamon Improves Glucose and Lipids of People With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care 2003; 26(12):3215-3218. [view abstract]

Kim SH, et al. Anti-diabetic effect of cinnamon extract on blood glucose in db/db mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 104(1-2):119-123. [view abstract]

Other studies concluded that cinnamon methyl-hydroxy-chalcone polymer (CMHP) might be useful in the treatment of insulin resistance in humans and in the study of the pathways leading to improved glucose utilization.

Studies have also shown cinnamon as an anti-inflammatory and having beneficial effects on normalizing blood platelets by blocking the release of arachidonic acid, an inflammatory fatty acid from platelet membranes and decreasing the formation of thromboxane A2, an inflammatory messaging molecule.

Takenaga M, et al. In vitro effect of cinnamic aldehyde, a main component of Cinnamomi cortex, on human platelet aggregation and arachidonic acid metabolism. J Pharmacobiodyn 1987; 10(5):201-8 1987. [view abstract]

Cinnamon is also a good source of powerful antioxidants. Animal studies suggest that cinnamon bark extracts taken orally may help prevent stomach ulcers.

 Several studies also show that cinnamon oil and extracts have antifungal, antibacterial and antiparasitic properties. Because of its antimicrobial properties, research has shown cinnamon to be a viable alternative for use as a food preservative.

Murcia MA, et al. Antioxidant evaluation in dessert spices compared with common food additives. Influence of irradiation procedure. J Agric Food Chem. 2004; 52(7):1872-81. [view abstract]

Ouattara B, et al. Antibacterial activity of selected fatty acids and essential oils against six meat spoilage organisms. Int J Food Microbiol 1997; 37(2-3):155-62 1997. [view abstract]

SUMA (Pfaffia paniculata, Brazilian ginseng):

In Brazil, Suma or ‘Brazilian ginseng’ is known as “para todo”, meaning “for all things” and is used for many chronic diseases including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, leukemia, asthma, mononucleosis, candida, arthritis, impotency and frigidity.

Although Brazilian ginseng doesn’t come from the ‘true ginseng’ Panax plant family, it has similarities to ginseng – it has both adaptogenic and immune-enhancing properties.

As an immune boosting nutrient, Pfaffia paniculata or Brazilian ginseng or Suma demonstrates analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cancer chemopreventive and antineoplastic (tumor inhibiting) properties. Many studies have shown these effects.

 This study examined the macrophagic activity caused by Pfaffia paniculata and its effects in contributing to the inhibition of tumor growth. Pinello KC, et al. Effects of Pfaffia paniculata (Brazilian ginseng) extract on macrophage activity. Life Sci. 2006; 78(12):1287-92. [view abstract]

One study looked at the potential for Suma to prevent the growth new corneal blood vessels, a factor in macular degeneration. Carneiro CS, et al. Pfaffia paniculata (Brazilian ginseng) methanolic extract reduces angiogenesis in mice. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 58(6):427-31. [view abstract]

Brazilian ginseng has been shown to demonstrate anticancer properties. da Silva TC, et al. Inhibitory effects of Pfaffia paniculata (Brazilian ginseng) on preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in a mouse hepatocarcinogenesis model. Cancer Lett. 2005; 226(2):107-113. [view abstract]

Watanabe, T., et al. Effects of oral administration of Pfaffia paniculata (Brazilian ginseng) on incidence of spontaneous leukemia in AKR/J mice. Cancer Detect. Prev. 2000; 24(2):173-8. [view abstract]

ELEUTHERO ROOT (Siberian ginseng):

Eleuthero root (Eleutherococcus senticosus, formerly Acanthopanax senticosus) is considered an “adaptogen,” meaning it increases the body’s ability to adapt, resist stressful stimuli. Eleuthero is from a different genus (Araliaceae) than the traditional Panax ginseng.

Eleuthero is considered anticholesteremic – producing the effect of lowering blood lipids (i.e. cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol).

The herb contains active chemical ingredients called eleutherosides (triterpenoid saponins), which appear to inhibit the stress response by reducing the activity of the cortisol from the adrenal cortex and is an immune stimulant that is especially useful for preventing infection during times of intense physical activity. The stress-fighting and depression-combating capacities in Eleuthero root have also made it useful in the treatment of attention deficit disorder. It has been found to be therapeutic in supporting the correction of hypothalamic-pituitary depletion. Symptoms of this condition include fatigue, stress, neurasthenia (fatigue, anxiety, headache, impotence, neuralgia and depressed mood), and sore muscles associated with decreased functioning of the endocrine system, and adrenal exhaustion indicated by a quivering tongue, dark circles under the eyes, and dilating/contracting pupils. Eleuthero may alleviate these symptoms.

It also has been known to support the body by helping the liver detoxify harmful toxins and products of radiation exposure. Preliminary studies in Russia have confirmed the use of the herb for people undergoing chemotherapy and radiation treatments to help alleviate side effects.

Some researchers claim that Eleuthero root increases the synthesis of interferon, a powerful chemical that boosts immune system activity, literally interfering with every stage of viral infection. It has also been known to stimulate the activity of several immune-system components, including the B and T cells that attack bacteria, making it useful in treating many kinds of infection. Eleuthero root is thought to combat respiratory infections and has been used to treat bronchitis and chronic lung ailments. Recent evidence suggests that Eleuthero root may prove valuable in the long-term management of various diseases of the immune system, including HIV, chronic fatigue syndrome and other autoimmune illnesses

It’s considered a good nutritional supplement for athletes; studies in Russia with their athletes have shown that using Eleuthero root improves training consistency, quicker reflexes, better stamina and increased energy. Moreover, after strenuous workouts, the use of the herb has helped restore a feeling of well being with less fatigue, giving it great recognition as a worldwide sport nutritional supplement.

STEVIA:

In addition tobeing a sweetener (one of the reasons Dr. K added it to Perfect Greens for Health), Stevia leaf has been used as a health-wise nutritional supplement to help improve cardiovascular health by lowering elevated blood pressure (hypertension) and LDLs (bad cholesterol) in the blood. There is also some research indicating Stevia may significantly increase glucose tolerance and inhibits glucose absorption, indicating it as a possible use for diabetic nutritional supplements. Furthermore, it is also thought to lower blood sugar levels. In some South American countries, Stevia is also sold (in addition to its popularity as a natural sweetener and sugar substitute) to aid people with diabetes and hypoglycemia, since studies have demonstrated that it has a regulating effect on the pancreas and helps to stabilize blood sugar levels.

Stevia Leaf is believed to act as a general tonic that increases energy levels and mental acuity. Many individuals ingesting Stevia daily have reported a lower incidence of colds and flu, and it may also help to speed recovery from minor illnesses. In addition it has been shown to inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria that cause gum disease and tooth decay, making it an excellent addition to toothpastes and mouthwashes. Many people have reported improvement in their oral health after adding it to their daily brushing and rinsing routines.

Hsieh MH, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of oral stevioside in patients with mild essential hypertension: a two-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Clin Ther 2003; 25(11):2797-2808. [view abstract]  

NOVA SCOTIA DULSE:

Kelp Powders, the alginates in kelp (complex polysaccharides), like other soluble fibers, have a soothing and cleansing effect on the digestive tract and are known to prevent the absorption of toxic metals like mercury, cadmium, plutonium and cesium. Kelp is an excellent source of iodine, a major component of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, hormones that affect weight gain and cellular metabolic rates. One to two milligrams of iodine per week are required to prevent goiter. Based on epidemiological studies, thyroid disease is practically unknown in people who regularly eat kelp. Based on human studies, 4mg of iodine daily completely resolves cyclical breast lumps and cysts, usually within only two months.

GINGKO BILOBA:

Having been used medicinally for thousands of years, Gingko bilopba today is one of the most commonly used herbs in the U.S.

Clinical and pharmacological studies have shown that Ginkgo biloba promotes vasodilatation and improved blood flow both in the arteries and capillaries, proving effective for intermittent claudication (peripheral vascular disease). Western interest in ginkgo has concentrated on the remarkable ability for the herb’s effect on Alzheimer’s/multi-infarct dementia and cerebral insufficiency secondary to atherosclerosis.

Gingko biloba is also considered to effect antiallergenic and anti-inflammatory actions.

Garg RK, et al. A double blind placebo controlled trial of ginkgo biloba extract in acute cerebral ischaemia. J Assoc Physicians India 1995; 43(11):760-763. [view abstract]

Van Dongen M, et al. Ginkgo for elderly people with dementia and age-associated memory impairment: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003; 56(4):367-376. [view abstract]

Vorberg G. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE): a long-term study of chronic cerebral insufficiency in geriatric patients. Clin Trials J 1985; 22(2):149-157.

Blume J, et al. Placebo-controlled double-blind study of the effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in trained patients with intermittent claudication]. Vasa 1996; 25(3):265-274. [view abstract] 

APPLE FIBER:

Apple fiber has been found to improve the function of the digestive system. They help block the conversion of benzopyrene to carcinogens within the body. And are know to reduce total serum cholesterol levels (due to the pectin and other constituents of apples) and increase serum HDL cholesterol and lower serum LDL cholesterol and inhibit the oxidation of LDL cholesterol.

 APPLE PECTIN:

Apple Pectins are soluble (fiber) polysaccharides composed primarily of uronic acids such as galacturonic acid. Dietary fiber is a generic term for all of the components of plant cell walls. Most dietary fibers are polysaccharide carbohydrates. The two types of non-carbohydrate dietary fiber are lignans and lignin. Dietary fiber has been shown to increase the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract; it functions as a nutrient for the beneficial bacteria that reside in the gastrointestinal tract. It’s been found hat apple pectin taken in larger amount (20 grams daily) help to normalize blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. It has also been found to help lower total serum Cholesterol levels up to 25%.

OAT BRAN SOLUBLES:

Bran is the hard outer layer of grain and along with the germ, it is an integral part of whole grains, and is often produced as a by-product of milling in the production of refined grains. When bran is removed from grains, they lose a portion of their nutritional value. Bran is particularly rich in dietary fiber and omega fatty acids and contains significant quantities of starch, protein, vitamins, and dietary minerals. These constituents contribute to the lowering of the plasma levels of the various parameters of the lipid profile. Oat bran is rich in a soluble fiber called beta-glucan. In 1997, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration passed a unique ruling that allowed oat bran to be registered as the first cholesterol-reducing food.

FLAX SEED MEAL:

Flax Seeds are rich sources of alpha-linolenic acid, the essential fatty acid (EFA) which is a biological precursor to omega-3 EFA’s such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)  and decosahexaenoic (DHA), which are known to not only be essential, but critical for many areas of cellular health throughout the body. Therapeutically, it has been shown to offer protective effects against cardiovascular disease, and decrease some of the physiologic effects of rheumatoid arthritis.

Allman MA, et al. Supplementation with flaxseed oil versus sunflowerseed oil in healthy young men consuming a low fat diet: effects on platelet composition and function. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 1995; 49(3):169-178. [view abstract]

Nordstrom DC, et al. Alpha-linolenic acid in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A double- blind, placebo-controlled and randomized study: flaxseed vs. safflower seed. Rheumatol.Int. 1995; 14(6):231-234. [view abstract]

Flax seed meal is an excellent source of lignin antioxidants, soluble fiber and used often as a nutritional vitamin fiber supplement. It has also been found to help strengthen bones by retarding the rate of bone resorption. One double-blind, crossover study evaluated the effects of flaxseed consumption on several markers of bone resorption and bone formation in the blood and urine of postmenopausal women found significantly lowered a marker of bone resorption in the blood serum. The flaxseed diet also tended to decrease both urinary excretions of another marker of bone resorption, and calcium. The findings suggest that flaxseed retards the rate of bone resorption (breaking down of bone).

Arjmandi BH, et al. Flaxseed supplementation positively influences bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. J Amer Nutraceut Assoc. 1998; 1(2):27-32. [read article]

PROBIOTICS:

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria (sometimes referred to as “friendly germs”) that enhance the general health of the digestive system and aid in digestion by participating in the digestion and absorption of protein, fats, calcium, and phosphorus. They also help keep potentially harmful organisms in the gut (harmful bacteria and yeasts) under control thus playing a vital role in the body’s immune system in general and the immune system functions of the intestines in particular.

Beneficial bacteria also function in fermenting insoluble fiber, starch and undigested carbohydrates in the colon. The short-chain saturated fatty acids produced by this fermentation are the principal source of energy for the epithelial cells of the colon.

Beneficial bacteria that reside in the body’s intestines have another vital role – endogenous vitamin production, manufacturing many vitamins including: biotin, choline, folic acid, inositol, para aminobenzoic acid (PABA), vitamin B2, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, and vitamin K.

SILYMARIN SILIBUM MARIANUM (milk thistle):

Silybum marianum (milk thistle) has been used as a medicine since early Greco-Roman times, particularly for supporting the gallbladder and the liver in detoxifying the blood. Through its bitter properties, milk thistle increases the flow of gastric juices relieving dyspepsia, indigestion and headaches associated with detoxification organ congestion. It’s well known to be extraordinarily useful as a tonic to safeguard the liver from all types of liver disorders. As a free-radical scavenger, it protects the liver from toxins and pollutants by preventing free radical damage, and it also stimulates the production of new liver cells. The German Pharmacopoeia recognizes milk thistle crushed seeds for treating digestive disorders and standardized extracts for preventing and treating damage to the body from poisons and toxins, and as supportive treatment in chronic inflammation of the detoxification organs. It is considered a remarkable herb for relieving temporary discomforts associated with cirrhosis, alcoholic poisoning, jaundice, fatty liver, hepatitis and viral hepatitis. A flavonoid complex (silymarin) stimulates liver protein creation, enabling the organ to produce new liver cells and replace the old ones damaged by hepatitis infection or other toxins. Silymarin contains a number of active constituents called flavolignans, which are also used to help protect the liver from poisoning.

It’s known that milk thistle increases the production of bile, the fluid created in the liver that helps to break down fats in the small intestine. This helps to remove (via excretion) testosterone byproducts that cause acne. By increasing the bile production and stimulating protein synthesis in the liver, milk thistle regulates the digestion of fats and may be beneficial in preventing arteriosclerosis and strokes, in addition to reducing the chances of gallstone formation by promoting total, normal cholesterol levels and helping the liver convert low-density lipoprotein (LDL or “bad cholesterol”) into high-density lipoprotein (HDL or “good cholesterol”) An effective nutritional health supplement, milk thistle is also  thought to prevent cholesterol that has been excreted into the bile from being reabsorbed into the body.  Another compound in milk thistle stops the oxidation of LDL cholesterol into a form that creates plaques in the linings of artery walls.

By enhancing overall liver function, milk thistle is believed to detoxify the liver and gallbladder and the poisons that enter our blood. The herb has been effective in countering the toxic effects of nicotine, alcohol, carbon monoxide pollutants, dry-cleaning fluid and cadmium. Thousands of years ago the herb was prescribed to counteract the poison of snakebite, and current research shows that milk thistle does, in fact, combat the poisonous activity of many toxins, including the deadly mushroom poisoning of Death Cap.

Milk thistle is not only a rebuilding herb for the liver and gallbladder, it is believed to also protect the kidneys, brain and other tissues from chemical toxins. Using the herb is believed to protect against inflammation of the bile ducts. 

ASTRALAGUS MEMBRANACEOUS:

Astragalus is considered an “adaptogen,” an herb that tends to normalize body functions and reinstate metabolic balance after physically and emotionally stressful situations have altered those functions.  Astralagus has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for hundreds of years.

Many traditional herbalists have long used Astragalus as a diabetic nutritional supplement; research has indicated that in studies including people with diabetes, with various complications associated with the disorder, showed improvements in blood flow through the eye in 82 percent of the participants, and fasting blood sugar was kept below 150 milligrams per deciliter for 77 percent of the participants, without the use of other medications.

Liu YH, et al. Clinical observation on treatment of early diabetic nephropathy by milkvetch injection combined with captopril. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 2005;25(11):993-995. [view abstract]

Wu Y, et al. Hypoglycemic effect of Astragalus polysaccharide and its effect on PTP1B. Acta Pharmacol.Sin. 2005; 26(3):345-352. [view abstract]

Zhang DQ, et al. Effects of Qilan Tangzhining capsule on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipemia. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi. 2005; 30(10):773-777.  [view abstract]

Modern Chinese clinical studies have found that the herb contains an anti-clotting agent and has vaso-dilating properties, helping to prevent coronary heart disease and improving circulation.

Lei ZY, et al. Action of Astragalus membranaceus on left ventricular function of angina pectoris. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1994; 14(4):199-202. [view abstract]

Reducing hypertension is another condition that Astralagus membranaceous has enjoyed scientific validation.

Li JX, et al. Antihypertensive effect of total flavonoid fraction of Astragalus complanatus in hypertensive rats. Chin J Physiol. 2005; 48(2):101-106. [view abstract]

Castillo C, et al. An analysis of the antihypertensive properties of 3-nitropropionic acid, a compound from plants in the genus Astragalus. Arch Inst Cardiol.Mex. 1993; 63(1):11-16. [view abstract]

Astralagus has been shown to enhanced the effects and reduced toxicity associated with chemotherapy in patients with malignant cancers.

Duan P, et al. Clinical study on effect of Astragalus in efficacy enhancing and toxicity reducing of chemotherapy in patients of malignant tumor. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 2002; 22(7):515-517. [view abstract]

Zou  YH, et al. Effect of astragalus injection combined with chemotherapy on quality of life in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 2003; 23(10):733-735. [view abstract]

Astralagus has been shown to help strengthen and restore normal immune function in seriously debilitated patients. Some studies show that the herb appears to increase the production of the body’s T-cells (white blood cells), which attack the invaders that cause disease, and protects healthy cells while defending against unhealthy cells. The herb also activates the important malignant growth suppressing gene p53 that prevents defective cells from multiplying. Gene p53 acts as a “molecular patrolman” that ensures that genetically defective cells do not multiply and may reduce the risk of serious colorectal, breast and other malignant diseases. 

Jin R, et al Immunomodulative effects of Chinese herbs in mice treated with anti- tumor agent cyclophosphamide. Yakugaku Zasshi 1994; 114(7):533-538. [view abstract]

Sun Y, et al. Preliminary observations on the effects of the Chinese medicinal herbs Astragalus membranaceus and Ligustrum lucidum on lymphocyte blastogenic responses. Journal of Biological Response Modifiers 1983; 2(3):227-237. [view abstract]

DAMIANA:

Damiana (Turnera diffusa) is widely used in traditional medicine as an anti-cough, diuretic, and aphrodisiac agent. Recent studies in rats seem to support the folk reputation of as a sexual stimulant.

Arletti R, et al. Stimulating property of Turnera diffusa and Pfaffia paniculata extracts on the sexual-behavior of male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1999; 143(1):15-19. [view abstract]

Damiana contains high amounts of zinc, chromium and niacin and is known to enhance circulation, hence its reputation to relieve some male impotence.

Damiana has shown antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which may have gastrointestinal effects.

Hernandez T, et al. Ethnobotany and antibacterial activity of some plants used in traditional medicine of Zapotitlan de las Salinas, Puebla (Mexico). J Ethnopharmacol. 2003; 88(2-3):181-188. [view abstract]

ROYAL JELLY:

Royal Jelly, is the milky-white gelatinous food fed to queen bees that is secreted from the cephalic glands of nurse bees (Apis mellifera) for stimulating the growth and development of the queen. Royal jelly contains an emulsion of proteins, sugars, lipids and other substances in a water base. Without royal jelly, the queen bee would live only as long as worker bees (seven to eight weeks), however with royal jelly, the queen bee can live five to seven years. This lends royal jelly its reputation as a rejuvenating elixir.

Royal jelly has strong antibacterial activity and also has documented hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Researchers concluded that, “royal jelly, at approximately 50 to 100 milligrams per day, decreased total serum cholesterol levels by about 14% and total serum lipids by about 10% in the group of patients studied.”

Inoue S, et al. Royal Jelly prolongs the life span of C3H/HeJ mice: correlation with reduced DNA damage. Exp. Gerontol. 2003; 38(9):965-969. [view abstract]

Helleu C. Antibacterial properties of royal jelly; bactericidal and antibiotic effects of neutralized royal jelly. Ann Inst.Pasteur (Paris) 1956; 91(2):231-237 [view abstract]

Jacoli GG, et al. Studies of the protido-anabolic and androgenic activity of royal jelly. Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol Sper. 1956; 32(9):1136-1138.

DIGESTIVE ENZYMES:

Plant enzymes are proteins that accelerate the rate of a biological reaction without themselves being used up in the reaction. Enzymes act as catalysts by binding with the substance (i.e. the substrate) involved in the reaction and converting it to another substance. Enzymes are specific in the type of reaction they catalyze – hence there are many different types (thousands) of enzymes. Digestive enzymes is a broad term for the many enzymes that catalyze the splitting (hydrolysis) of large molecules ingested from foods.

Dr. K’s Perfect Greens for Health